For the dough:

• 3 1/2 cups all-purpose flour
• 2 teaspoons kosher salt
• 1 tablespoon granulated sugar
• 1 tablespoon Jamaican curry powder
• 2 tablespoons turmeric powder
• 1 cup (2 sticks) unsalted butter, grated
• 1 cup ice cold water

For the beef filling mixture:

• 2 tablespoons olive oil
• 1 lb ground beef (grass-fed)
• 1 large yellow onion, finely chopped
• 1 tablespoon garlic paste or minced garlic
• 1 teaspoon ginger paste or freshly grated ginger
• kosher salt & freshly ground black pepper, to taste
• 1 teaspoon fresh or dried thyme
• 1 teaspoon ground Jamaican allspice
• 1/2 teaspoon Jamaican curry powder
• 1–2 scotch bonnet peppers, deseeded & finely chopped
• 4 scallions (green onion), chopped
• 1/2 cup chicken stock or broth
• 1/2 cup plain breadcrumbs
• 3 tablespoons unsalted butter, cubed